Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemicals Produced by Animals on Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Abstract

Al-Baraa Akram El-Sayed*

Agrobacterium rhizogens is the former name of Rhizobium rhizogens which is found mostly in soil and causes hairy root disease in the dicotyledonous plants. It induces the formation of proliferative multiple branched adventitious roots at the sites of infection, which is called hairy roots disease which are not yet resolved.

Generally, the following steps can be used to separate the genetic transformation: In the first step, Agrobacterium rhizogens detects plant roots emit phenolic chemicals, which encourage the bacteria to adhere to the root. The second stage involves converting the t-DNA into Agrobacterium rhizogens cells, where T complexes are created. In the third phase, the type IV protein secretion system is used to transport T-complexes from the bacterium to the host plant’s genome. On the t-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogens, there are two different sequences called the TL and TR borders. TL-DNA and TR-DNA typically travel and integrate into the host plant genome separately; but the TL only is essential and enough to cause bushy roots. The sequence analysis of TL-DNA revealed four open reading frames-rolA, B, C, and D, that are necessary for induction of the hairy root. The RolB gene appears to be the most effective in producing hairy roots since a loss of function mutation at this locus makes the plasmid non-virulent.

In addition to the ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters in feed, the issue of multidrug-resistant diseases like bacteria, fungus, and yeast has drawn attention to the need for finding substitutes for conventional antibiotics, such as natural compounds with antibacterial action. Research has shown that natural antimicrobial peptides and chemicals derived from animal secretions and some insect venom have antimicrobial activity against pathogens with lower resistance and higher synergistic effects if given in combination with blends of them. This has attracted a lot of interest.

The optical density analysis approach will be used in this study to explore antimicrobial compounds collected from giraffes as well as their activity against the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogens. Then, using applications like Gene5, GraphPad Prism, and Clone Manager, their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and ICs 50 will be established. Additionally, some chemicals found in animal secretions will be tested for their antimicrobial activity.