Consumption of a High-Fat Breakfast on Consecutive Days Alters the Area-under-the-curve for Selected CVD Biomarkers

Abstract

Brian K McFarlin, Katie C Carpenter, Adam S Venable, Eric A Prado, Andie L Henning

Background: One of the primary causes of obesity-associated disease is the habitual consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast on consecutive days in the area under the curve (AUC) for 22 emerging cardiovascular disease biomarkers in young women (n = 8). Materials and Methods: Subjects consumed a high-fat (70% of daily calories, 100% of daily fat) breakfast meal on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected pre-meal, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h post-meal. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured using an enzymatic assay. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) biomarkers were analyzed simultaneously in serum using a multiplex method, and AUC was calculated separately for each biomarker on each day. A paired t-test with significance set at P < 0.05 was used to compare the outcomes. Results: We observed similar AUC for total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose between the 1st and 2nd day of the meal. In contrast, endocan-1, CXCL6, CXCL16, fibrinogen, placental growth factor, and adipsin exhibited statistically greater AUC on the 2nd compared to the 1st day. Conclusion: Further evaluation of these targets revealed that the largest changes were in endocan-1, CXCL6, and CXCL16, which have been linked to atherogenesis. These findings support the notion that chronic CVD risk may result from the cumulative effects associated with eating high-fat foods on a habitual basis.