Abstract
Background: One of the primary causes of obesity-associated disease is the habitual consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie breakfast on consecutive days on the area under the curve (AUC) for 22 emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers in young women (N=8). Material and Methods: Subjects consumed a high-fat (70% of daily calories, 100% of daily fat) breakfast meal on two consecutive days. Blood samples were collected pre-meal, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, and 5h post-meal. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured using an enzymatic assay. CVD biomarkers were analyzed simultaneously in serum using a multiplex method and AUC was calculated separately for each biomarker on each day. A paired t-test with significance set at P<0.05 was used to compare the outcomes. Results: We observed similar AUC for total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose between the 1st and 2nd day of the meal. In contrast, endocan-1, CXCL6, CXCL16, fibrinogen, placental growth factor, and adipsin exhibited statistically greater AUC on the 2nd compared to the first day. Conclusion: Further evaluation of these targets, revealed that the largest changes were in endocan-1, CXCL6, and CXCL16, which have been linked to atherogenesis. These findings support the notion that chronic CVD risk may result from the cumulative effects associated with eating high-fat foods on a habitual basis.